ABSTRACTAir pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting the developing and the developed countriesalike. The effects of air pollution on health are very complex as there are many different sources and their individualeffects vary from one to the other. In fact in the developing world the highest air pollution exposures occur in theenvironment. Air pollutants that are inhaled have serious impact on human health affecting the lungs and the respiratorysystem; they are also taken up by the blood and pumped all round the body. These pollutants are also deposited on soil,plants, and in the water, further contributing to human exposure.KEY WORDS: Air pollution, Environmental health problem.

ABSTRACTThe colon is a site where both systemic delivery and local delivery of a drugs can take place. Local delivery allows topical treatment of inflammatory like bowel disease. However, treatment can be made effective if the drugs can be targeted directly into the colon, by reducing the systemic side effects, codestm, and osmotic controlled drug delivery in this review article is focus on the colon targeted gene delivery system and it‟s evaluation parameters.KEY WORDS: Colon drug delivery systems, Newly developed approaches, Evaluation of colon targeted drug delivery systems.

ABSTRACTMaterials like wood, ivory, metal etc were used as denture base materials, which were cumbersome and required extreme skill of operator .With the availability of man-made polymers in the early 1930, came an opportunity to apply some of the optically brilliant polymers to dentistry. Due to their porous nature, acrylic resin attracts plaque deposit on its surface. This plaque may get colonized extensively by Candida Albicans in conditions like altered immune response, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, ill-fitting dentures etc. Various methods like, brushing with a denture brush and a mild soap, soaking in a commercial denture cleanser, use of household products like dilute hypochloric acid solution. In this study, one mineral acid cleanser, one hypochlorite solution and two peroxide cleansers are used.Key words: Denture Cleansers, Hypochloric acid, Candida Albicans.

ABSTRACTCulex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present in high numbers throughout southern Benin, and insecticide-resistant populations have been reported worldwide. In order to determine the insecticide resistance status of Cx. Quinquefasciatus in southern Benin, a study was conducted from May to October 2014 where larvae collection was done during the rainy season across two districts located in urban (Agla) and peri-urban (Dandji) areas. Bioassay were performed on adults collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyhalothrin 0.5%, DDT 4%, fenithrotion 1% and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. The presence of knock down resistance (kdr) and acethylcholinesterase (ace-1R) mutations were determined by PCR. This study showed a strong resistance to pyrethroids, DDT and carbamate in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations from the two study areas. However, the same populations were fully susceptible (mortality 100%) to the organophosphate fenitrothion tested. The kdr mutation was present in all Cx. quinquefasciatus populations collected in the two districts with frequency ranging from 0.65 to 0.72 respectively at Dandji and Agla. The ace-1R mutation was also present with frequency ranging from 0.25 to 0.3 respectively at Dandji and Agla. Conclusion: This study showed a widespread resistance to pyrethroids and carbamate with a presence of kdr and ace-1R mutations in all populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus from the two study areas. However, the susceptibility of these populations to organophosphate is encouraging the use of an insecticide of this family as an alternative insecticide to pyrethroids and carbamate against this mosquito in southern Benin.KEY WORDS: Culex quinquefasciatus, Pyrethroids and Carbamate, Southern Benin.

ABSTRACT To compare the postoperative analgesic effect of epidural Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine under Combined Spinal Epidural technique, we randomly allocated 60 ASA physical status I and II outpatients of age group 20-65years undergoing lower limb surgeries to receive Inj. Levobupivacaine 0.125% 6cc (Group–L, n-30) and Inj. Ropivacaine 0.125% 6cc (Group–R, n-30) 24 hours postoperatively in form of top-ups. Epidural catheter was inserted in sitting position at L2-L3, L3-L4 level with Touhy’s needle after confirming with loss of resistance technique, Spinal anaesthesia was given with 3 to 3.5cc of 0.5% Bupivacaine (Heavy) one space below the epidural catheter insertion with 25G Quinkes spinal needle intra-operatively. The mean number of top-ups in the study groups were 4.1 (±0.4) and 4.5 (±0.5) in Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine respectively, with p value = 0.010. The mean duration of hours between topups was 5.8(±0.6) and 5.4(±0.6) in Group L and Group R respectively, with p value = 0.010. We conclude that patients undergoing lower limb surgeries, Levobupivacaine has a longer duration of action and better analgesia than Ropivacaine.KEY WORDS: Combined Spinal epidural technique, Postoperative analgesia.

ABSTRACT To compare the postoperative analgesic effect of epidural Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine under Combined Spinal Epidural technique, we randomly allocated 60 ASA physical status I and II outpatients of age group 20-65years undergoing lower limb surgeries to receive Inj. Levobupivacaine 0.125% 6cc (Group–L, n-30) and Inj. Ropivacaine 0.125% 6cc (Group–R, n-30) 24 hours postoperatively in form of top-ups. Epidural catheter was inserted in sitting position at L2-L3, L3-L4 level with Touhy’s needle after confirming with loss of resistance technique, Spinal anaesthesia was given with 3 to 3.5cc of 0.5% Bupivacaine (Heavy) one space below the epidural catheter insertion with 25G Quinkes spinal needle intra-operatively. The mean number of top-ups in the study groups were 4.1 (±0.4) and 4.5 (±0.5) in Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine respectively, with p value = 0.010. The mean duration of hours between topups was 5.8(±0.6) and 5.4(±0.6) in Group L and Group R respectively, with p value = 0.010. We conclude that patients undergoing lower limb surgeries, Levobupivacaine has a longer duration of action and better analgesia than Ropivacaine.KEY WORDS: Combined Spinal epidural technique, Postoperative analgesia.

ABSTRACTSeveral N-(heterocyclic)-1H-isoindole, were prepared from hydrazine carboxylic acid-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindole-2-yl ester for the purpose of possible genotoxic activity against cancer cell line of mouse spleen. In conclusion, the correlation between chromosomal aberrations induction, suppression of proliferation rate and antitumour activity observed in this study, appeared to further substantiate the validity of the chromosomal aberration assay as a possible method for improving and guiding chemotherapy.KEY WORDS: Isoindol-1,3-diones, hydrazines, pyrazolines, pyrazolones, thiadizoles, Genotoxicity, Spleen cancer cell line, cyclophosphamide.

ABSTRACTBarringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (Family: Lecythidaceae) known as Samudraphal in Hindi, is a medium-sizedtree found throughout India. This plant is used by the traditional healers for treatment of various illnesses. The IndianMedicine Systems like Ayurveda and Siddha have mentioned the medicinal value of B. acutangula especially for thetreatment of jaundice, liver disorders and stomach disorders. There are numerous research reports mentioning the widerange of biological activities for this plant. The present study has been taken up to review in detail about the plant withreference to its folklore uses, medicinal values, chemical properties and biological activities, as this will be highly helpfulfor the young researchers and students.KEY WORDS: Barringtonia acutangula, Samudraphal, Ethnomedicinal Value, Biological activities.

ABSTRACT

Marine cyanobacteria samples were collected from saltpan, of southwest coast of Tamil Nadu. The collected marine cyanobacteria samples were purified by repeated serial dilution and plating techniques. Marine cyanobacteria were identified as Spirulina sp, Oscillatoria sp, Microcystis sp by light microscopic observation.In BG11 medium, ASN 111 Medium were used for mass cultivation of marine cyanobacteria. The growth curve shows that the marine cyanobacteria grew exponentially up to two week followed by stationary phase. In BG11medium, higher amount of dried marine cyanobacterial biomass were produced. Among the three marine cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp could produce higher amount of dried biomass. Biochemical constituent of three cyanobacterial was measured. The total lipid component was separated by TLC and brown colour spots were appeared.FAME was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, GAS chromatography techniques. Anticancer property of fatty acids from Oscillatoria sp was revealed against human lung cancer cells (A549) line. Oscillatoria sp possesses anticancer activity of about 85% against the cell line.

KEY WORDS: Anticancer activity, Chlorophyll, Cyanobacteria, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, TLC.

ABSTRACTNeuroanaesthesia continues to develop and expand. It is a specialty where the knowledge and expertise of the anesthetist may directly influence patient outcome. Evolution of neurosurgical practice is accompanied by new challenges for the anesthetist with greater focus on functional and minimally invasive procedures. The emphasis remains on the provision of good operative conditions, assessment and preservation of neurological function, and a rapid high quality recovery. In our study, 60 ASA I, II, III patients undergoing neurosurgery, were randomly divided into two groups to receive isoflurane and sevoflurane as maintenance along with O2/N2O mixture. Maintenance and recovery characteristics of both groups were noted and compared. Brain relaxation score was found lesser in sevoflurane than isoflurane (relaxed brain found in 43.3% patients vs. 10% respectively). The mean time for Squeezing Hand and moving feet is significantly lesser in sevoflurane group than isoflurane group (20% vs. 30% respectively). The mean time for Orientation (Name and location) is significantly lesser in sevoflurane than isoflurane group (30% vs. 60% respectively). Thus, we conclude, sevoflurane provides faster recovery in comparison to isoflurane in neurosurgery patients.KEY WORDS: Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, ASA- American Society Of Anaesthesiology.