ABSTRACT
Pharmaceutical co-crystallization has allured a lot of attention by means of altering the physicochemical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) such as solubility, stability and bioavailability. Crystal engineering of curcumin can produce novel compounds such as pharmaceutical co-crystals. The present investigation involves in formulation and solubility enhancement of a co-crystal based solid dosage form consisting of a stoichiometric amount of parent drug curcumin with a pharmaceutically acceptable co-former resorcinol. Firstly co-crystals are prepared through liquid assisted grinding method, crystal confirmatory tests done by FT-IR, DSC and PXRD. Delivery of an API is generally preferred in a solid dosage form.
KEYWORDS: Crystal engineering, Curcumin, FT-IR, DSC and PXRD.

ABSTRACT
The most painful urologic disorder is calculi or stone formation in the kidneys and urinary bladder due to imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of crystallization in urine. Stone formation is documented from traditional periods and is considered as a medical challenge due to its multifactorial etiology. Stone formation commonly occur due to inadequate urinary drainage, foreign bodies in urinary tract, microbial infections, diet with excess oxalates and calcium, vitamin abnormalities like vitamin A deficiencies, excess vitamin D, and metabolic diseases like hyperthyroidism, cystinuria, gout, intestinal dysfunction etc., Herbal remedies are gaining their importance due to inefficiency of standard pharmaceutical drugs, and reoccurance is possible by treating with ultrasonic energy and surgery. As investigations proved that phytotherapy is potent in preventing and curing renal calculi with less side effects and produced satisfactory results in preventing reoccurance of renal stones, the present study is mainly focused on providing information on potent herbal wealth with litholytic property.
KEY WORDS: Litholysis, Crystallization, Phytotherapy, Renal calculi, Herbal wealth.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrhoeal effects of aqueous extract of roots of Malachra capitata Linn (AMC) was studied against castor oil-induced-diarrhoea model in rats. Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous extract of Malachra capitata was investigated in this study using castor oil-induced-diarrhoea, enteropooling and Small intestinal transit models in rats. The weight and volume of intestinal content induced by castor oil were studied by enteropooling method. Standard drug diphenoxylate (5 ml/kg, p.o) was significant reductions in fecal output and frequency of droppings whereas AMC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o significantly (P<0.001) reduced the castor-oil induced frequency and consistency of diarrhoea and enteropooling. The gastrointestinal transit rate was expressed as the percentage of the longest distance travelled by the charcoal divided by the total length of the small intestine. AMC at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited (P<0.001) the castor oil induced charcoal meal transit. The AMC showed marked reduction in the number of diarrhoea stools and the reduction in the weight and volume of the intestinal contents, as well as a modest reduction in intestinal transit. The results obtained establish the efficacy and substantiate the folklore claim as an anti- diarrheal agent. Further studies are needed to completely understand the mechanism of anti-diarrhoeal action of Malachra capitata.
KEY WORDS: Antidiarrhoeal Activity, Malachra capitata, Traditional medicine, Castor Oil- induced diarrhoea, Enteropooling Method, Small intestinal transit.

ABSTRACT
GHB also known as Sodium oxybate has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy and to improve athletic performance. It is also used as an intoxicant. As drug was not available it was synthesized and used for the present work. The present work was intended to synthesise and characterize the sodium oxybate and develop a method to determine the assay by U.V. Spectrophotometry and validate the method, for both bulk and formulations of Sodium oxybate. This method involves direct analysis without any extraction steps, thus it is performed faster, simple and easier. And this method has shown accurate and précised results. By these results this method was found to be rapid, simple, accurate, economic method for analysis and quality determination.
KEY WORDS: Sodium oxybate, U.V. Spectrophotometry, γ-Hydroxybutyric acid.

ABSTRACT
Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. A fifth process, Liberation has been highlighted as playing an important role in pharmacokinetics. The process of release of drug from the formulation. Hence LADME may sometimes be used in place of ADME in reference to the core aspects of pharmacokinetics.
KEY WORDS: Pharmacokinetics, Toxicokinetics, Biological Half Life.

ABSTRACT
Free radicals and related species have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Oxidative stress has been considered a major contributory factor to the diseases. They are mainly derived from oxygen (Reactive Oxygen Species/ROS) and nitrogen (Reactive Nitrogen Species/RNS), and are generated in our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physicochemical conditions or pathophysiological states. Free radical damage to protein can result in loss of enzyme activity. There are epidemiological evidences correlating higher intake of components/ foods with antioxidant abilities to lower incidence of various human morbidities or mortalities. The sources and origin of antioxidants which include fruits and vegetables, meats, poultry and fish were treated in this study. The classification and characteristics of antioxidant; its measurements and level in food and free radicals were also documented. The Chemistry of antioxidants which include chain reactions, molecular structures, food antioxidants and reaction mechanisms, biochemical activity, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants were reported in this review.
KEY WORDS: Antioxidants, Free radicals, Oxidative stress.

Placenta accreta spectrum, erstwhile referred to as morbidly adherent placenta, refers to the vary of pathologic
adherence of the placenta, as well as placenta increta, placenta percreta, and placenta accreta. The foremost favored
hypothesis relating to the etiology of placenta accreta spectrum is that a defect of the endometrial–myometrial interface
ends up in a failure of traditional decidualization within the space of a female internal reproductive organ scar that
permits abnormally deep placental anchoring villi and membrane infiltration. Maternal morbidity and mortality will
occur due to severe and typically grievous hemorrhage, which immediately require intervention. Ultrasound analysis is
vital, ultrasound findings are crucial in diagnosing placenta accreta. There are many risk factors for placenta accreta
spectrum. The foremost common could be a previous delivery, with the incidence of placenta accreta spectrum
increasing with the quantity of previous cesarean deliveries. prenatal diagnosing of placenta accreta spectrum is
extremely fascinating as a result of outcomes are optimized once delivery happens at grade III or IV maternal care
facility before the onset of labor or hemorrhage and with dodging of placental disruption. The foremost typically
accepted approach to placenta accreta spectrum is cesarean cutting out with the placenta left in place. Optimum
management involves a consistent approach with a comprehensive multidisciplinary care team aware of management of
placenta accreta spectrum. Additionally, established infrastructure and robust nursing leadership aware of managing
high-level postpartum hemorrhage ought to be in situ, and access to a blood bank capable of using huge transfusion
protocols ought to facilitate guide selections concerning delivery location. Placenta praevia and placenta accreta are
related to high maternal and baby morbidity and mortality. The rates of placenta praevia and accreta have exaggerated
and can still do thus as a results of rising rates of caesarean deliveries, exaggerated maternal age and use of assisted
reproductive technology (ART), inserting larger demands on maternity-related resources. The very best rates of
complication for each mother and newborn are determined once these conditions are solely diagnosed at delivery.

The laryngoscopy and intubation evokes reflex tachycardia and hypertension and dysrrhythmias. Despite the fact that this weight rejoinder is fleeting, it is sufficiently significant to reason undesired results on cardiovascular events like dysrrhythmias, and myocardial ischemia.These cardio vascular changes may cause mortality or morbidity. This prospective, randomized,double blinded, study assessed the adequacy of oral preparation of 150mg pregabalin and 100mcg clonidine given an hour prior to planned surgery. Sixty ASA1 and two or three patient of 15 to 65 year age both genders have been randomized into organizations Group-C – 100 mcg Clonidine, Group-P – 150mg Pregabalin.General sedative strategies have been normalized. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure were monitored at standard 1min, 3min, and 5 minutes subsequently laryngoscopy and intubation. Results have been arranged and measurable examination transformed into accomplished the utilization of Microsoft excel expectations, and SPSS programming program. Understudy t-test was utilized for measurable factors and chi-square test for subjective factors. With the patients coordinated for segment contours, the outcomes affirmed that there was no impressive distinction in pattern hemodynamic factors among the two gatherings. There becomes essentially less height in blood strain subsequent laryngoscopy and intubation in pregabalin gathering. Despite the fact that tachycardia happened in the two associations subsequent intubation, the expansion heart cost was obviously less in pregabalin foundation.