ABSTRACT

The toxicity of copper as a heavy metal was investigated to the freshwater fish Catla catla. It is collected from the Godavari River at Nanded. The fishes were exposed to different concentrations of Copper such as 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 ppm in eight aquaria for the evaluation of toxicity of copper to the freshwater fish Catla catla. For the toxicity study the probit analysis method was used the percent mortality were converted to probit kill which calculated by the regration method according to the finney (1971). The value obtained for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. Were 7.5, 4.8, 4.0, and 3.5 ppm respectively. The Lc 50 value was calculated as per Dragstedt and Behrens method the value is obtained for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 7.38, 7.54, 4.06 and 3.95 respectively. The Lc50 values of Copper decrease with increase in exposure period with increase in duration of exposure the heavy metals become toxic even at lower concentration.

KEY WORDS: Toxicity, Copper, Catla catla, Godavari River.

ABSTRACT

The article presents a case of oral submucous fibrosis occurring in a 54 year old man. This article reviews the etiology, clinical presentation and treatment modalities of oral submucous fibrosis. This article highlights the association between oral sub-mucous fibrosis and the continuous use of areca-nut and other oral tobacco products. The human population faces a higher danger with products which are clearly targeted at them by the tobacco industry.

KEY WORDS: Oral Sub-Mucous Fibrosis, Areca-Nut, Genetic, Auto-Antibodies etc.

ABSTRACT

The present study was undertaken to explore the diuretic outcome of methanolic extract of the flower petals of Tecoma stans in rats. Methanolic extract of Tecoma stans [METS] was administered to investigational rats orally at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. Hydrochlorothiazide [10 mg/kg] was used as positive control in the study. The diuretic upshot of the extract was evaluated by measuring urine volume, sodium and potassium content. Urine volume was drastically increased by methanolic extract in contrast to the control group, while the excretion of sodium was also increased by extract. The methanolic extract had the further benefit of a potassium-conserving effect. It is concluded that methanolic extract of Tecoma stans fashioned notable diuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide. The current study provides a quantitative basis for illumination the folkloric use of Tecoma stans as a diuretic agent.

KEY WORDS: Diuretic activity, Hydrochlorothiazide, Potassium, Tecoma stans.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the results of examination of soil, water food, blood and urine samples of people in Jabada Para area have been described. Concentrations of Zinc and Cadmium have been determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. Relationship between Zinc and Cadmium status of soil, water food etc. and their influence on human health and diseases, like diabetes mellitus and hypertension has been established.

KEY WORDS: Zinc and Cadmium, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Spectrophotometry.

ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the effect of Withania somnifera (WS), a well-known adaptogenic agent in Indian system of Medicine, on acute cerebral reperfusion and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Acute ischemia-reperfusion (30 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by 45 min. reperfusion) and Long-term cerebral hypoperfusion (for 15 days) in C.F. strain rats were produced following Standard technique. WS, Indian chemotype-1, rich in withanolide glycosides (= sitoindosides) was used for the present study. Effect of WS on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cyclic AMP level and histopathological changes in forebrain regions in acute ischemia - reperfusion and on long-term cerebral hypoperfusion induced behavioral and histopathological alterations were evaluated. WS pre-treatment (50 mg/kg p.o. for5 days) attenuated the reperfusion induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. Long term hypoperfusion induced anxiety and listlessness (open field paradigm) accompanied by deficits in learning and memory (Morris’water maze testing) along with histopathological changes in rat forebrains were attenuated with WS treatment. The results suggest that WS may be useful in cerebrovascular insufficiency conditions.

KEY WORDS: Withania somnifera, Reperfusion injury, cerebral hypoperfusion, Oxidative stress, Behaviour, Cognition.

ABSTRACT
The objective of present study was to document the requirements for manufacturing of semisolid dosage forms. These guidelines also brief about some issues associated with tools, strategies, critical process parameters and strategies of the manufacturing and validation processes specific to semisolid dosage forms. Studies about the effect of manufacturing processes and formulation excipients on the rheology of semisolids have contributed significantly toward their characterization. The development of computer-assisted instruments also has contributed substantially to their characterization and thereby to improving their quality. Moreover, some of the guidelines established by regulatory agencies, especially by FDA, are major steps toward the standardization of these dosage forms. Variations in the manufacturing procedure that occur after either of these events are likely to be critical to the characteristics of the finished product. This is especially true of any process intended to increase the degree of dispersion through reducing droplet or particle size (e.g., homogenization).

KEY WORDS: Process, Tools, Parameters, Validation.

ABSTRACT
Forensic odontology is a very important indispensible part of forensic medicine today. The tooth as a consequence of its elemental structure has withstood the sands of time. It is a very useful source of genetic material, many a times the only source. This review focuses on the collection of DNA at crime scenes, DNA analysis techniques and the role of satellite DNA in identifying a unique match of a crime suspect. It throws light on the various advances in forensic dentistry using the principles of DNA analysis. In addition to the above aspects it is extremely important for a forensic pathologist to be well versed with various aspects of time of death. Different parameters pertaining to time of death have also been discussed.

KEY WORDS: Forensic, Satellite DNA, Microsatellites, DNA technology, Time of death.

ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to examine the antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of a herbal formulation. The skin whitening ability was assessed by anti tyrosinase assay. The antioxidant activity of different extracts of herbal formulation was investigated by DPPH, super oxide scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).Of all the extracts petroleum ether extract exhibited maximum radical scavenging activity than others. The highest inhibition of tyrosinase (84.6%) was observed with petroleum ether extract. The results led to the conclusion that the formulated herbal plant mixture exhibited antityrosinase and antioxidant activities.

KEY WORDS: Antityrosinase, skin depigmentation, melanin, cosmetics.

ABSTRACT
An investigation was undertaken to study the pollution levels in the villages surrounded by Korba town. The Presence of number of power plants & various industries in Korba district gave a support for the existence of Environmental problem in this area. Many industrial emissions from existing Thermal power plants, coal & Bauxite mines were being continuously released in to the atmosphere. This paper presents ambient air quality of villages in Korba district. Four different villages (Pathadi, Saragbundiya, Sandel and Kuddal) were selected for the study and compared. The parameters studied were Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia. The results were compared with National Ambient air Quality Standards-NAAQS-2009,(Environment(Protection)seventh amendment rules - 2009), A Gazette notification released by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. From overall analysis, it was observed that the concentration of all the above parameters is within the prescribed limit of Central Pollution control Board.
KEY WORDS: Emissions, environmental, concentration, ambient air quality.

ABSTRACT
The anaemia is state of R.B.C reduction. In India 50% women are affected by this disease. Anemia is mostly appearing in village women. This case more severs during pregnancy. Women of reproductive age are at increased risk of anaemia because of chronic iron depletion. During the menstrual cycle, inadequate dietary intakes and recurrent infections, given the Intensity of the problem in the country, intermittent IFA supplementation to all menstruating Women would be a cost effective strategy to build up iron stores and prevent anaemia. Indian government done many welfare work .build up maternity hospitals in village area, and also provide facility of aganbadi nurses.
KEY WORDS: Anaemia, Recurrent infection, Pregnancy.

ABSTRACT
Diabetic disease is one of top ten threathening diseases requires effective therapy with high effectivenes and safety. As a chronic disease, diabetes may need long term treatment. Metformin is one of standard therapies for diabetic patients. It has serious pharmacokinetic problems: incomplete and slow absorption as well as plasma concentration fluctuation as a consequence of its narrow absorption window. The aim of this study was to develop a multiple-unit gastro retentive sustained release system of metformin hydrochloride to improve its efficacy. This system consisted of a drug core pellet prepared by extrusion-spheronization method, coated subsequently with release controller polymer (Eudragit RS PO), gas generating substance (sodium bicarbonate), and gas entrapping matrix (Eudragit RS PO and Eudragit RL PO). Coating process was performed with fluidization method. A complex combination of formula resulted in product with long resident time in the gastric via buoyancy mechanism. This formula contained 18.68 mg metformin HCl per 100 mg coated pellet, with a desirable floating lag time (<30 s), and 81.10% pellet remained floating until 8 hs. The in vitro drug release study also revealed that this formula showed the best sustained release system, with 68.16% of metformin HCl released in the gastric compartment after 8 hs.
KEY WORDS: Multiple-unit, gastro Retentive system, Sustained release, Metformin hydrochloride, Narrow absorption window, Buoyancy.

ABSTRACT
An investigation was undertaken to study the pollution levels in the villages surrounded by Bilaspur town. The Presence of number of power plants & various industries in Bilaspur district gave a support for the existence of Environmental problem in this area. Many industrial emissions from existing Thermal power plants, coal & Bauxite mines were being continuously released in to the atmosphere. This paper presents ambient air quality of villages in Bilaspur district. Four different villages (Seepat, Jangi, Matiyari and Sirgitty) were selected for the study and compared. The parameters studied were Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia. The results were compared with National Ambient air Quality Standards-NAAQS-2009,(Environment(Protection)seventh amendment rules - 2009), A Gazette notification released by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. From overall analysis, it was observed that the concentration of all the above parameters is within the prescribed limit of Central Pollution control Board.
KEY WORDS: Environmental problem, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate matter, National Ambient air.