ABSTRACT To compare the postoperative analgesic effect and side effect of clonidine and dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine in pediatric patient undergoing lower abdominal surgery, study included 90 patients, aged 1 to 8 years scheduled for infra umbilical surgery were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 30 patients each.Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were achieved using sodium thiopental, sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. Group B received 1 ml per Kg of .25% bupivacaine, group D received 1 ml per Kg of .25% bupivacaine with 1 microgram per Kg dexmedetomidine and group C received 1 ml per Kg of .25% bupivacaine with 1 microgram per Kg clonidine .The pain score was assesed using FLACC score. Pain score was lower in group C and D as compared to group B. Addition of either dexmedetomidine or clonidine to bupivacaine significantly prolongs the post-operative analgesia time without increasing the incidence of respiratory or hemodynamic side effect.KEY WORDS: Caudal Anaesthesia, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Postoperative analgesia.

www.ijidd.comABSTRACTThe polyethylene glycol 6000 degrading organism was isolated from the sewage sludge and it was determined asPseudomonas fluorescence by morphological and biochemical characterization. The specific, relative and intrinsicviscosity of the polymer was determined by Ostwald Viscometric Method as 0.086, 1.086 and 0.43 respectively.Biodegradation of polyethylene glycol 6000 was carried out by Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa2962 and Pseudomonas stutzeri 2643 at various concentrations (100mg, 300mg and 500mg). Growth activity of organismin synthetic medium and soil medium was determined by turbid metric method and most probable number method.Among three types of microorganism, the Pseudomonas fluorescence showed better growth and activity in allconcentration of polyethylene glycol. Among three different microorganism test, Pseudomonas fluorescence was found tobe efficient in biodegradation compared to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2962 and Pseudomonas stutzeri 2643. Theresidues of polyethylene glycol was observed in different samples was performed by High performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC).The changes in the functional group was observed by Fourier Transform InfraredSpectrophotometer.KEY WORDS: Polyethylene glycol, HPLC, FTIR, Biodegradation, Pseudomonas

ABSTRACTOur country facing serious issues in health sector due to population pressure, urbanization, environmental pollution and fast depletion of natural resources leads poor sanitation in urban environment. Breeding source and vector habitats are the main reason for re-emergence of VBD in the country. One of the most common problems associated with the poorly designed Landfills and poorly managed solid waste is that it leads to attraction of large number of vectors such as female culex etc., which is responsible for the proliferation of breeding sites of mosquitoes causing Vector borne diseases such as, Filariasis. The present study was carried out through survey and conducted for about 250 houses in six prone areas of vectors in Vijayawada. Here identification of vectors was carried out in fresh water, drains, drainage using sampling techniques. This helped in detection of mosquitoes. Subsequently control measures were carried out in peri-domestic places.KEY WORDS: Landfills, Urbanization, Vector Born disease.

ABSTRACTMethanolic root extract of Waltheria indica was screened for wound healing by burn wound in Wistar rats. The methanolic extract was prepared by maceration process. 5% and 10% of the extract was topically applied and povidone iodine was used as reference control. Simple ointment was used as vehicle. Burn wound was induced by exposing the tissue to concentrated sulfuric acid. The test drugs were applied on the wound twice daily 14 days and the wound contraction was measured at various time intervals. Both the concentration of methanolic root extract of Waltheria indica were showed significant wound contration on burn wound model. From the result it was concluded that, Waltheria indica exhibited wound healing property on sulfuric acid induced burn wound model.KEY WORDS: Waltheria indica, Wound healing, Wound Contraction, Methanolic Extract.

ABSTRACTCancer is hyperproliferative disorder that involves transformation, dysregulation of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis Cancer is one of the major threats of modern life and is considered as the second cause of death after myocardial infarction. Millions of people every year die with different types of cancer despite tremendous efforts to find methods of control and cure. Although great advances were made in modern medical science to control disease but many diseases like cancer are not yet curable fully. Curcumin, commonly called diferuloyl methane, is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from rhizome (turmeric) of the herb Curcuma longa. Extensive research over the last half century has revealed important functions of curcumin. In vitro and in vivo research has shown various activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cytokines release, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, enhancing of the apoptotic process, and anti-angiogenic properties. Curcumin has also been shown to be a mediator of chemo-resistance and radio-resistance. The anti-cancer effect of INFLEASE capsules has been seen in a few clinical trials, mainly as a native chemoprevention agent in colon and pancreatic cancer, cervical neoplasia and Barrets metaplasia.KEY WORDS: INFLEASE capsules, Curcumin, Anti-tumor activity, Chemopreventive.

ABSTRACTPharmaceutical wastes have been detected throughout the environment where at least in some cases, they have been shown to have a detrimental effect. Many result from improper disposal of pharmaceutical wastes via environmentally-unfriendly routes, such as the sink, toilet or rubbish bin. Improper disposal methods of unused drugs or have become an important public health issue. IDM may cause as rates of prescription drug abuse, accidental poisoning, and the incidence of drugs or PW found in the drinking water have gained the nation’s attention. Now day’s consumers are eager to learn how they can prevent leftover prescription drugs from falling into the wrong hands or polluting the environment. This review article explains the drug disposal methods.KEY WORDS: Pharmaceutical waste, Improper disposal methods.

ABSTRACTDelivery of drug through topical route represents a most convenient and novel approach. The major difficulty arises while delivering a drug through skin is its action as a natural barrier nature which makes it difficult for most drugs to penetrate into and permeate through it. Conventional topical formulations have not proved to be effective in dermal delivery of drug. Novel drug delivery systems bear great potential for topical delivery. Among them polymeric gels such as hydrogels have been suggested to overcome the problems associated with conventional delivery devices. Hydrogels, the swellable polymeric materials, have been widely investigated as the carrier for drug delivery systems. These biomaterials have gained attention owing to their peculiar characteristics like swelling in aqueous medium, pH and temperature sensitivity or sensitivity towards other stimuli and biocompatability . This review disclose the convenience of hydrogel as a topical drug delivery system anywhere in the body by the route of ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal and skin.KEY WORDS: Topical drug delivery, Hydrogels, Biocompatibility.

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             Drug delivery system represents one of the most rapidly advancing areas of pharmaceutical science and technology. DDSs such as multiple emulsion, micro/nano solid lipid and polymer particles can entrap drugs or biomolecules onto their interior structures and / or absorb drugs or biomolecules onto their interior surfaces. It is used for antitumour theropy, AIDS therapy and radiotherapy in the delivery of proteins, antibiotics, virastatics and vaccines as drug carries pass to the blood brain barrier. Water in oil in water emulsion had been used as drug delivery system. The three major methods to prepare multiple emulsions as Homogenisation, Micro channel emulsification and Membrane emulsification. It is used to many industrial products including food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals etc.

KEY WORDS: Drug delivery system, Diclofenac Sodium, Multiple Emulsion.

ABSTRACTA new series of nitrogen and/or oxygen heterocyclic- 9-(p-substituted anilino) acridines were synthesized for the purpose of antimicrobial evaluation. These heterocycles include pyridinecarbonitrile, iminopyridine, pyrans, acridine-chalcones, 4,5-dihydropyrazoline and/ or isoxazoline ring systems. Some representative examples of these compounds compared with other known derivatives, showed considerable antimicrobial activity against G +ve, G -ve bacteria and fungi. Molecular docking studies of the affinity of binding of these compounds in the DNA gate of the bacterial gyrase enzyme were carried out.KEY WORDS: Acridines; Pyridines; Pyran; Pyrazolines; Isoxazolines, Antimicrobial, Molecular docking.

ABSTRACTPotable Water must be free from all types of micro-organism, because micro-organisms are responsible for various king of disease. In Present study, quality of Drinking Water, were determined in June-September 2016 from four different locations (S1, S2, S3 and S4) in Bilaspur Chhattisgarh, India. The result showed that in Water of this area contain low Dissolved Oxygen which is not suitable for aquatic animals. And reported that the some Water Quality parameters BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium and Total Dissolved Solid was found to be high. And also reported the value of TBC (Total Bacterial Count) found to be high range from 85 to 130 cfu/ml.KEY WORDS: Micro-organism, Potable water and Water Quality Parameters.